24.9A1, the statistics were measured on the X– Y plane parallel to the friction pairs. The wider role that radar plays in planetary explorations is outlined in section 1.4.Īs shown in Fig.

Synthetic aperture radars (SARs) and inverse SARs (ISARS) can provide the required spatial resolution.Īs the scope of space missions is broadened, radars have been used to perform a number of critical tasks including landing aids rendezvous and mapping/sounding. We have already included in our list of radar functions the requirement for high-resolution images of targets so that friendly airplanes can be recognized and distinguished from others. While conventional radars can offer coarse spatial resolution that is useful for navigation, there is a large set of applications where high spatial resolution is a requirement. The availability of the global positioning systems (GPSs) (NAVSTAR and GLONASS, GLObal'naya NAvigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema) has greatly simplified the navigation tasks of all mobile platforms. In the military sector, radars are used for blind low-altitude flight to avoid radar interceptions-see section 1.6.8 early warning and surveillance-see section 1.6.9.2 radar map-matching and beacons used for rendezvous with aerial tankers. In the civilian sector, radars provide aircraft with coarse navigation capability measurement of heights above ground (altimeters) positional information through distance-measuring equipment (DME) systems and search and rescue capability. NICHOLAS FOURIKIS, in Advanced Array Systems, Applications and RF Technologies, 2000 1.2.2.3 Navigation and Space Flight Because “velocity,” density, and the number of circuits continue to increase, it is highly recommended that you use optical technology for the bus and the connections between the boards and the modules (fiber optics, holography, etc.), as it is nonradiating and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation. It in fact depends on distribution of the states of each bit transmitted.

However, the associated connections and the communication bus radiate energy whose wide spectrum (several hundred MHz) is not stationary. It is therefore best to group the logic circuits and provide them with a specific power supply. These digital circuits, designed to be used in association with each other, have a high built-in immunity to noise and spurious signals (e.g., 0.3 V). These systems consist of hundreds of integrated circuits functioning synchronously and producing considerable current surges (several hundred amps) on state transition. ERIC NORMANT, in Air and Spaceborne Radar Systems, 2001 12.3.5 DIGITAL PROCESSINGĭigital processing (signal, data, radar map) generates strong interference phenomena.

Pes 2013 radar fix